Prolonged opioid abuse can affect your physical health in many ways. The effects may not be completely obvious at the beginning of an opioid dependency as many of them remain internal. Opioids have the following effects on organs and bodily systems:
- Brain. Prolonged opioid abuse can change the normal functioning of the brain, making it more difficult to stop using opioids or feel normal without them. Opioid abuse can also cause the body and brain to become hypersensitive to pain, which makes it difficult to cope with pain without opioids. Your moods and emotions can also be severely affected, creating a feeling of euphoria or pleasure, but also increasing the risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts.
- Respiratory system. Prolonged opioid use can slow down breathing, which will reduce the amount of oxygen available to the brain and other vital organs. This will cause organ damage or even death. Overdosing on opioids is a life-threatening condition that typically occurs when someone overloads on opioids or mixes them with other drugs or alcohol. Opioid overdose can cause respiratory arrest, meaning breathing stops completely, and this will cause some level of brain damage, coma, or death.
- Digestive system. Opioid abuse long-term can affect the muscles of the digestive system, leading to stomach cramps, constipation, nausea, and vomiting, The slowed gastrointestinal functioning and chronic constipation typically associated with opioid abuse also increases the risk of serious bowel problems, such as bowel perforation, obstruction, and infection. These conditions can cause internal bleeding, severe pain, and sepsis, which is a critical infection of the blood.
- Cardiovascular system. The risk of heart problems, such as low blood pressure, heart failure, and irregular heartbeats is increased by opioid misuse damaging effects on the heart and blood vessels. Opioid abuse also increases the risk of blood clots developing, which block blood flow to the heart, lungs, and brain, causing heart attacks, pulmonary embolisms, and strokes. These conditions can cause permanent damage to vital organs and be fatal.
- Endocrine system. Long-term opioid use affects the hormones that regulate bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction by causing hormonal imbalances, such as low testosterone in men and irregular menstrual cycles in women. These imbalances can lead to infertility, sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, and other health problems.
- Immune system. The immune system can progressively weaken, due to heavy dependence on opioids, and this makes it harder for the body to fight off infections and diseases. Opioid abuse can also increase the risk of contracting infectious diseases, such as hepatitis and HIV, particularly if the user shares needles or other injection mediums with others. These diseases cause serious complications, such as cancer, liver damage, and AIDS.
These are only a few of the many complications and effects that opioid abuse can have on a person. Reaching out to a residential treatment facility or medical professional early enough can save you from permanent organ damage, brain damage, hospitalization, or even death.